Imagine an alien creature floating in space. It has no home and cannot move and grow on its own, but as soon as it enters a planet that suits it, it will quickly multiply and take over the entire planet in no time. .

It sounds like science fiction, but you just replace “planet” with “host,” a description that basically applies to one of the microbes around us – viruses.

Viruses are made up of two parts, a protein coat on the outside and DNA or RNA, the genetic material, on the inside. Strictly speaking, a virus is not life, because it does not have the ability to survive independently, and it is nothing without a host. But it is the most abundant organism on earth. From the ocean and forest to the livestock and people around you, to your own body surface and body, it is everywhere. This world of viruses is called the “viral circle”. Given that we know less about viruses than any other life form, the virosphere has long been a mysterious world to us.

But that is now changing. Our ability to detect viruses has increased exponentially, and the number of virus species we have identified has increased 20-fold over the past five years. What’s more, our perception of viruses is also changing: These strangely diverse microbes aren’t exactly killing machines, they also played a major role in the evolution of life on Earth.

virus planet

In terms of numbers, no organism can match a virus. Our planet is literally a “virus planet”. One study estimates that the total number of viruses on Earth reaches 10^31. Viruses are generally on the order of 100 nanometers in size. If you put all these viruses end-to-end, it’s almost 100 million light-years long, far beyond the confines of the Milky Way. For every square meter of Earth’s surface, about 800 million viruses cling to dust and land every day, and we know almost nothing about most of them.

The virus leaves the host and is completely inert. However, viruses can survive outside of their host for longer or shorter periods of time. The short one is only a few seconds, the long one can live for decades. An important factor affecting its survival time is temperature, in addition to sunlight, pH, etc. In very hot environments, viruses tend to die quickly, which is why heat kills them. It could even explain why our bodies evolved fevers as a response to viral infections. In cooler temperatures, the virus can survive for months or even years away from the host. Smallpox virus can survive for decades at temperatures of 4°C to 5°C.

Once inside the host, the virus goes into action. It hijacks the host’s cells and replicates its own genetic material. The host of a virus can be any kind of organism, animal, plant, bacteria, or even another virus. For example, a small virus called “Sputnik virus” inhabits a giant virus called “Mama virus.” Viruses replicate very rapidly, starting within hours of infection; within a few days, their tracks have spread throughout all cells of the host.

Although viruses are inactive outside the host, their behavior becomes incredibly complex once inside the host. Some viruses, including those that cause influenza, measles and polio, enter the host and send out signals to coordinate the actions of their cohorts. For example, deciding whether to attack or temporarily dormant. Different kinds of viruses have their own secret signals. In addition, they can sense communication signals between host cells or other viruses.

We can use this discovery to fight disease. In fact, researchers have engineered viral spies to sense signals specific to other microbes, including E. coli and Salmonella, and then target and destroy them. We could one day use a similar approach to manipulate bacteriophages, a class of viruses that specialize in infecting bacteria, to kill extremely difficult drug-resistant bacteria.

Mapping the Viral Circle

Despite our preconceived notions that viruses can only do harm to their hosts, in fact, viruses can also bring benefits to some hosts. Take, for example, a fungus called Pseudomonas destructive. When the fungus is infected with a virus, it produces more spores, so the virus instead helps it spread.

The interaction between virus and host is the research field of virus ecology. Given the intricacies of their relationship, that’s a lot of work, but we’ve made some progress. In 2017, viral ecologists produced the first map of virus-host interactions, covering all virus species known at the time. Studies have shown that most viruses “choose” to be very specific, and they tend to infect only one or two hosts. For example, a virus that can infect dogs may not do anything to cats unless it mutates. Another advance in viral ecology in recent years has been the expansion of the study of the virosphere into a more mysterious realm—a world of viruses that specialize in infecting archaea.

However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. We have long suspected that viruses are the most diverse microbes on earth, but we have only a vague idea of ​​how many. In the past 20 years, more types of viruses have been identified than ever before. For example, we know about the existence of giant viruses. The virus has more than 1,000 genes, compared with 10 for the smallest virus. As of April 2019, researchers had identified 195,000 viruses.

But there are still plenty of viruses out of our grasp. As analytical techniques have improved, researchers can now identify the genes of the virus without having to find the entire virus. When using this method, they often find large numbers of genetic fragments of unknown viruses.

When the host of the virus is humans themselves, studying virus ecology can help us discover potential threats in time and predict which viruses may jump to the host to infect us (see Extended reading: Which viruses might the next outbreak come from?).

Viruses have also played a major role

Our impressions about viruses are almost all negative, but in fact, viruses have played a major role in the evolution of life on earth.

Viruses are evolving much faster than any other organism, at least a million times faster than us. Evolutionary biologists are beginning to realize that it is the constant stream of new genetic material provided by viruses that has helped other organisms such as animals, plants and bacteria evolve.

Viruses share their genes with their hosts through a process called “horizontal gene transfer.” You can think of horizontal gene transfer as a card swap in poker, where players can optimize their decks by swapping the cards in their hands. If one of the two teaming players happens to have a card that can be constantly refurbished (virus), then they can build a more competitive alliance by switching cards.

Scientists speculate that it was the rapid evolution of viruses, coupled with the ability to swap genes, that allowed early single-celled organisms on Earth to quickly adapt to almost any environment. This was critical for the earliest life, given the harsh conditions of early Earth, and viruses may have played a major role in their success.

Therefore, learning more about the relationship between viruses, hosts and their environments can give us a better understanding of the evolution and even the origin of life.

What viruses might the next outbreak come from?

It is estimated that there are as many as 800,000 viruses in animals that can infect humans. While identifying them is an extremely complex task, we still have a rough idea of ​​which viruses to focus on.

In 2018, the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States published an interview with more than 120 infectious disease experts around the world. They agreed that the global outbreak was most likely caused by a new virus transmitted from animals. “New” means we are not immune to it. They also believe that it spreads from person to person through coughing and sneezing, and that it may also spread through asymptomatic infected people.

This all sounds familiar, doesn’t it? Yes, this new crown epidemic completely confirmed their predictions.

Viruses can be divided into DNA viruses and RNA viruses according to the genetic material in their bodies. Experts believe that RNA viruses (coronaviruses are RNA viruses) are more dangerous than DNA viruses. Because DNA viruses are more stable, they are generally less likely to mutate into lethal strains—with one exception, smallpox, the DNA virus that has plagued human history for more than 2,000 years.

Of the 168 known virus families, experts believe that we should pay close attention to five of them, which could become the protagonists of the next outbreak. One of them is the coronavirus (their prediction is confirmed again). The other 4 are:

Picornavirus

The most common of the RNA viruses is the rhinovirus, which usually causes the common cold, and the other enterovirus, which causes a range of illnesses, including colds, polio and hand, foot and mouth disease.

Because they usually cause only mild symptoms, the dangers of this family of viruses have been largely ignored. But they have the potential to mutate into more dangerous strains. The coronavirus is the best example of this. Most coronaviruses only cause colds, but newly mutated strains have caused deadly infectious diseases like SARS, MERS and covid-19.

Currently, little is known about the ability of picornaviruses to jump between species. This outbreak has confirmed that the new coronavirus can jump back and forth on humans and bats, cats, dogs, minks and other animals. There is evidence that picornaviruses can also jump from cows and gorillas to humans.

pneumovirus

Pneumoviruses include human metapneumoviruses, which are transmitted by droplets and usually cause colds but can also cause bronchitis and pneumonia. Human metapneumoviruses are thought to have originated in birds, but research on pneumoviruses has only just begun, and its transmission routes are still being explored. But scientists predict that more deadly pneumoviruses may spread among humans in the future.

Paramyxovirus

Measles, mumps and croup (a childhood disease characterized by a severe cough and difficulty breathing) are all caused by paramyxoviruses. The measles virus is said to have been transmitted from cattle to humans more than 800 years ago. There are also examples of paramyxoviruses jumping from bats, horses and pigs to humans.

Orthomyxovirus

Influenza viruses fall into this category. Influenza viruses have caused several worldwide pandemics. In the 1918-1919 world pandemic alone, the death toll reached 20 million, which was extremely harmful to human life and health. The flu virus has all the killer traits you don’t want it to have, like it’s contagious before symptoms appear, and it’s easy to mutate and jump between species like birds, pigs, and humans.

Influenza viruses are spread by droplets. People with influenza usually recover within a few days, but young children, the elderly, and the infirm are prone to secondary bacterial infection and have a high mortality rate.

The UN General Assembly passed a resolution on March 29 urging member states to elevate pandemic prevention, preparedness and response to the highest political leadership level.

The resolution urges Member States to strengthen international collaboration and coordination in pandemic prevention, preparedness and response at the highest political leadership level, including by participating in and supporting ongoing efforts to draft and negotiate a convention, agreement or international instrument within the framework of the World Health Organization. Discussions in order to finally adopt a document.

The resolution urges Member States to prioritize pandemic prevention, preparedness and response on national agendas, ensure whole-of-government and whole-of-society engagement, achieve universal health coverage with primary health care as the cornerstone, build resilient health systems, support and protect the health workforce, and provide social and economic support for the spread of public health measures.

The resolution invites Member States to collaborate with the medical and scientific communities, laboratories and surveillance networks for the early, safe, transparent and rapid sharing of samples and genetic sequence data on pathogens. The resolution urges Member States to enhance the transfer of relevant technology and expertise, encourage research and innovation, and strengthen local and regional capacities to manufacture, regulate and procure the tools needed to promote equitable and effective access to vaccines, treatments, diagnostics and essential supplies, among others.

Since March 2022, a new round of new crown pneumonia epidemic caused by the mutant strain of Omicron has spread to most provinces in China, and various places have raised the level of epidemic prevention to deal with it. The new crown pneumonia pandemic (pandemic) in the sense of public health has been raging for more than two years, and China is the only major country that has not “flattened” in the field of epidemic prevention. The results of the fight against the epidemic are inseparable from the strong leadership of the party and the government and the strong cooperation of the people, which fully reflects the superiority of the Chinese system.

Objectively speaking, the prevention and control of the epidemic has indeed brought some inconvenience to personal life-schools organize online classes, companies arrange home office, and it is difficult to go out. If not, they were forced to isolate. The free state of life before 2019 is “like a lifetime” when I think about it now. As a result, some young netizens sighed: “Youth is only a few years old, and the epidemic is three years old!”

I am afraid that only after the end of the new crown pneumonia pandemic can everyone’s life return to the state of freedom before 2019. At present, the epidemic is still in the anxious stage. The question that everyone is generally concerned about is when will the new crown pneumonia pandemic end?

At present, it is necessary to give a scientific and reasonable explanation for this problem. Because, if the understanding of this issue is not clear enough, it is likely to lead to the public’s misjudgment of the epidemic, resulting in serious consequences due to paralysis and laxity. Science pays attention to objective laws, and objective laws do not change with people’s subjective will-no matter whether you are happy or not, the law of conservation of mass and energy will not change. As a scientist, I will first draw conclusions on the above issues from a scientific point of view:

It is impossible to predict when the new crown pneumonia pandemic will end, but with a high probability, it will not end in the next 2 years.

Put the conclusion here first, and then let’s talk about the specific reasons. Why is it impossible to predict when the COVID-19 pandemic will end? Because the new coronavirus is rapidly mutating, the immunity obtained from previous infection with the new coronavirus or vaccination is not enough to completely resist the mutated virus. This important biological mechanism is called “immune escape”. Next, we have to explain the mechanism of immune escape, and then explain why the new coronavirus is difficult to deal with.

The basis of immune escape lies in the spontaneous mutation of the viral genome. The new coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 is a virus with RNA as the genetic material, and the replication of genetic information follows the principle of “from RNA to RNA”. However, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that completes this process, like a careless schoolboy, will always inadvertently make typos when copying; then, the article with the typo is passed on to other careless schoolboys, who will again misspelled other words. In the end, the mistakes are added, and the article on the virus genome is completely unrecognizable. Since the outbreak of the new crown virus at the end of 2019, a large number of mutants of the new crown virus have appeared, from Alpha, Beta, Delta, and now Omicron. On this trend, until next year, it’s hard to say whether the Greek alphabet will be enough.

The key to immune escape is the failure of neutralizing antibodies. The so-called neutralizing antibody refers to the antibody that can prevent the virus from invading the target cell. Taking the new coronavirus as an example, the S protein on the viral capsid binds to the ACE2 receptor on the cell surface, allowing the virus to enter the cell by endocytosis. Human vascular endothelial cells express more ACE2 receptors and thus become the target cells of the new coronavirus. Strictly speaking, the new coronavirus does not cause simple “pneumonia”, but a systemic vascular endothelial cell disease, but the damage to the lungs is the most obvious.

In the more than two years since the new coronary pneumonia pandemic, the research on the sequelae of new coronary pneumonia has just started, but the confirmed sequelae include dizziness, headache, nausea and distraction and other central nervous system symptoms, and even damage to the heart, kidneys and other organs. The neutralizing antibody induced by the vaccine can bind to the S protein, thereby preventing it from binding to the ACE2 receptor on the cell surface, making the new coronavirus unable to enter the target cell, which provides a protective effect.

After infection with the new coronavirus or vaccination, neutralizing antibodies against the S protein will be produced in the human body. The binding of neutralizing antibodies to antigens relies on 4 forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, van der Waals force and hydrophobic interaction. These four forces are jointly formed by the amino acids of the antibody complementarity determining region and the antigenic epitope. If the spontaneous mutation of the viral genome leads to changes in the amino acid sequence constituting the antigenic epitope on the S protein, the force field between the antigenic epitope and the antibody complementarity-determining region will change. The antibody complementarity determining region cannot bind to the antigenic epitope with high affinity, and the neutralizing antibody is ineffective if a slap fails. Taking the Omicron mutant as an example, there are as many as 32 mutations in the S protein. It is precisely because of the existence of a large number of mutations that the titer of the neutralizing antibodies produced by the vaccine against the Omicron mutant is greatly reduced. According to a report by the French research team in December 2021, even if the neutralizing antibody produced by the booster shot of the Pfizer vaccine has some effect on Omicron, the titer is 6-23 times lower than that of the delta mutant. The trouble with immune escape is obvious.

Image source: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.830527

Since vaccination against the new coronavirus is not enough to completely protect against mutated virus infection, why should it be actively vaccinated? Don’t underestimate the country’s decision-making power in the field of public health. Vaccination is well scientifically based – “not enough to fully protect against” does not mean “totally inadequate protection”.

To be more specific, vaccination against COVID-19 does not guarantee immunity from mutated virus infection, nor does it guarantee that the infected person is not contagious, but it can greatly reduce the probability of the infected person becoming seriously ill. The specific mechanism here can be explained with the help of a slide from Moderna, the manufacturer of the new crown vaccine:

As shown in the figure above, after vaccination, the immune protection produced in the human body comes from neutralizing antibodies, antigen-specific CD4+ memory T cells, antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells, antigen-specific memory B cells, and possibly non-neutralizing antibody. These several substances that provide immune protection can constitute “defense in depth”. If the protective effect of neutralizing antibodies is insufficient, the new coronavirus will still infect some target cells; but at this time, antigen-specific CD4+ memory T cells will provide an additional layer of protection. After they recognize the conservative antigenic epitopes of the new coronavirus, they will induce immunity The system produces more types of neutralizing antibodies; antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells and memory B cells will not be idle, respectively performing the functions of killing infected cells and secreting antibodies.

Whether it is domestic inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, or foreign mRNA vaccine, it can greatly reduce the probability of severe new coronary pneumonia. From the perspective of domestic epidemic prevention practice, since the Wuhan epidemic was eliminated in early 2020, the situation of “ICU overcrowded” has never occurred again, largely due to the popularization of vaccination.

Therefore, even if the new coronary pneumonia vaccine is not perfect, it is still necessary to actively vaccinate, and it must be 3 shots. A recent study published by Professor Jin Tengchuan of the University of Science and Technology of China confirmed that three doses of the new coronavirus vaccine are sufficient to produce lasting immune protection, but the additional benefit of the fourth dose is not obvious. Out of respect for science and love for relatives and friends, please vaccinate consciously.

After talking about immune escape, we have to analyze it carefully. Why is the new crown pneumonia pandemic endless and new mutant strains emerging one after another? Even the newer Omicron mutants have further differentiated into a more powerful BA.2 version.

Chinese researchers have really calculated the mutation probability of the new coronavirus, or the probability of a primary school student copying a typo. Based on the virus sequencing data of a large sample in the United States, the mutation rate of the entire genome of the new coronavirus is 6.677×10-4/locus. Year , the mutation rate of the gene encoding S protein was 8.066×10-4/site.year. The above mutation rate is considered to be in the middle of the group of RNA viruses, but why does the new coronavirus have a dazzling number of mutant strains? This has to be explained by probability theory: as long as the sample is large enough, even the smallest event will happen.

From a microscopic level, the mutation probability of the new coronavirus genome at each replication is certain; however, the probability of the new coronavirus genome mutating in a macro-infected population is the sum of the microscopic individual probabilities. That is to say, the larger the base of the infected population, the greater the probability of the emergence of new mutant strains of the virus. As most countries in the world are completely “flattened” in terms of epidemic prevention, the out-of-control epidemic has created a huge number of infected groups. According to statistics from Johns Hopkins University in the United States, as of March 27, 2022, a total of 480 million people worldwide have been infected with new coronary pneumonia. Although the mutation rate of the new coronary pneumonia genome is considered to be at the middle level among RNA viruses, multiplied by such a large base of infected populations, mutant strains will inevitably pop up every three forks and five. What’s more, the more infectious mutant strains can quickly overwhelm earlier strains in transmission. Judging from the data in the United States, it took only a month or so for the Omicron mutant to replace Delta and earlier strains.

As mentioned above, with a high probability, the new crown pneumonia pandemic will not end in the next two years. The starting point for making the above judgment is actually the status quo that foreign countries are completely “flattened” in terms of epidemic prevention measures. According to a rough estimate, that is, the total number of confirmed cases – the number of recoveries – the number of deaths, there are nearly 60 million existing cases of new coronary pneumonia. To put it uglier, those countries that have adopted a “flattening” attitude towards epidemic prevention have created huge “virus reservoirs” and are now “cultivating the whole people”.

To make matters worse, the group carrying the new coronavirus is no longer just humans – the new coronavirus can spread across species, a considerable number of white-tailed deer infected with the new coronavirus have been found in the eastern United States, and studies have shown that white-tailed deer have emerged within the group. chain of infection. According to estimates by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there are as many as 30 million white-tailed deer in the United States, which may constitute another huge “reservoir of viruses”. As for animal groups that are more susceptible to the new coronavirus, such as bats and monkeys, it is difficult to say what the current situation is. In a scientific sense, it is entirely possible for the new coronavirus to generate an independent chain of infection within the animal population, evolve new mutant strains, and finally reintroduce the mutant strains to the human population.

To put it bluntly, what the next mutant of the new coronavirus will look like, and whether it will have stronger infectivity and virulence, does not depend on China, where the whole nation is fighting the epidemic, but precisely on those countries that “lie down”. It is because of the irresponsible attitude of the governments of these countries to their own people that the mutant strains are constantly being renovated and spilled everywhere. Since we cannot control the behavior of other governments, and it is difficult to quickly resolve the huge “reservoirs of viruses” (including humans and animals) in other countries, we cannot predict when the COVID-19 pandemic will end. This is not a pleasant conclusion, but it is the most reasonable and credible reasoning from science.

However, U.S. experts have previously predicted that the global new crown pandemic is likely to end in March 2022. To put it bluntly, this kind of argument just caters to the unrealistic and wishful thinking of some people and has no scientific basis. Just ask these blindly optimistic people, can you stop the replication of the new coronavirus in the “virus reservoir” of other countries? Since it can’t be done, how can you guarantee that new mutants of the new coronavirus will not appear?

This kind of blindly optimistic argument is essentially advocating “the theory of quick victory in the fight against the epidemic” – as long as you survive these few days, you will be fine. However, due to the continuous import of overseas epidemics, the domestic anti-epidemic cannot be won quickly, and will inevitably fall into a protracted war. In this historical context, the “quick victory in the fight against the epidemic” will breed luck, lead to slack top-down thinking, and ultimately cause huge losses.

To this day, some people with ulterior motives can still be seen advocating absurd remarks such as “coexisting with the virus”, “in line with international standards”, and “can’t hold on hard, need a soft landing” on the Internet. It’s really worth breaking it down and talking about it.

l Just ask those “people” who advocate “coexistence with the virus” – let yourself be infected with the virus first, and then infect your parents, will you do it? The starting point of the “coexistence theory” is actually extreme individualism, the fantasy of sacrificing others in exchange for one’s illusory “freedom”.

l “In line with international standards”, it is even more ridiculous – what are the things worth learning from the anti-epidemic measures of Western countries? Is it possible to learn that they “lay flat” directly to be considered “connected”? The starting point of the “connection wheel” is actually the centralism of Western civilization and the mentality of being colonized by spirituality. I subconsciously feel that what Western countries do is right, and China cannot do better than them.

l What is a “soft landing”? Only when the epidemic is under control without causing economic stagnation and inflation can it be called a “soft landing”. From this definition, China has been working on a “soft landing” for more than two years, while Western countries have never “landed” at all. It is precisely because China has actively fought the epidemic and ensured the normal operation of the economic fundamentals that the “soft landing” has been achieved. It can be said that without the whole country actively fighting the epidemic, there will be no “soft landing” and 5.5% GDP growth target.

l As for “can’t stand it hard”, it is also a manifestation of lack of self-confidence – none of the Western countries that pursued “lying flat” and stopped epidemic prevention have returned to normal operation. If the worldwide epidemic continues for a few more years, it is a big deal that Western countries will collapse from within due to the rupture of the economic chain, and China is still expected to achieve the rise of a great power by relying on internal circulation. Our generation may become witnesses to history. On the one hand, we have witnessed that the new crown virus has become a pathogen that has profoundly changed the course of human history since modern times.

During part of 2020 and 2021, I witnessed how the epidemic prevention measures collapsed in the United States: from short-term lockdowns and separate policies, to full liberalization and complete “laying flat”, it only took half a year, and then it was a piece of chicken feathers. . In capitalist countries, no one is willing to take actual responsibility, everything depends on “God bless”, and the result is that the virus is allowed to rage and the people are left to fend for themselves. Therefore, the epidemic prevention system is actually irreversible. Once the dam is washed away by the flood, it will be difficult to return to the state of strict defense.

The new coronavirus and the SARS virus belong to the same category of coronaviruses that can infect humans, and the two are very similar.

1 are “afraid of heat and like cold”, and can be killed by chemical disinfectants. 2 The incubation period for the onset of the disease is within two weeks. 3 The lungs are the main organs in the body, causing respiratory diseases mainly caused by pneumonia. 4 are mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. 5 Both viruses originate from bats.

 

The recent war between Russia and Ukraine has caused the Russian army to find a lot of evidence in Ukraine, proving that the United States has built as many as 36 biological laboratories in Ukraine, using bats to study the coronavirus, and found that the documents have the seals of US officials and relevant government departments, even more. Confirmed that the US is studying the coronavirus.

 

It is well known that the SARS virus originated from bats in 2003, and now the new coronavirus also originated from bats, and the United States uses bats to study coronaviruses in Ukraine.

To sum up, this is not only reminiscent, is SARS and the covid the same virus? Is it really made in the USA?

 

SARS, which is contagious atypical pneumonia, was first discovered in Shunde, Guangdong Province, my country in November 2002, and broke out rapidly in China in 2003. In the summer of 2003, the number of infected patients was decreasing day by day, and the disease was completely controlled.

Novel coronavirus, 27 cases were found in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in December 2019. Most of them were self-employed merchants operating in Seafood City, and they were all diagnosed with viral pneumonia or lung infection. On December 31, 2019, an expert group from the National Health and Family Planning Commission arrived in Wuhan to test related viruses. On January 7, 2020, experts said it was a new type of coronavirus. The covid has been going on for nearly 3 years, and although a vaccine has been developed, it is still not completely over.

 

The difference between SARS and covid

Although SARS and covid have many similarities, they are not the same virus, and there are still many differences.

1. Different viruses: Although they are all coronaviruses, they are of different types. The SARS coronavirus causes SARS; the new coronavirus causes new coronary pneumonia;

Second, they are all highly contagious, but the contagiousness of new coronary pneumonia is stronger and wider than that of SARS;
Third, the mortality rate of the two is different: the mortality rate of SARS is higher than that of new coronary pneumonia. The mortality rate of SARS is close to 11%, and the mortality rate of new coronary pneumonia is about 2%;
Fourth, the clinical manifestations are different: the common symptoms of SARS are fever, headache, muscle pain, respiratory failure, etc.; new coronary pneumonia is mainly manifested by fever, fatigue, dry cough, diarrhea, headache, etc., and dyspnea may occur after a week;
Fifth, the treatment options are different.

 

It is still unclear whether SARS and covid were made in the United States, but a large amount of biological laboratory evidence held by Russia in Ukraine, as well as foreign media reports, all point to the United States, and various biological laboratories in the United States are located in nearly 30 countries around the world. Up to more than 200. Faced with many doubts, the answer given by the United States is not to admit it.

SARS in 2003 to covid in 20 years, 17 years, the virus is still endangering all mankind. In the face of a lot of evidence, the United States categorically denied it. We don’t know whether it was made in the United States, but with the passage of time, technological innovation will one day unveil this mystery.

Dear officials, the benevolent sees the benevolent and the wise sees the wisdom! Our top priority is to obey the leadership and command, wear masks, reduce mobility, vaccinate, cooperate with the current epidemic prevention work, and strive for an early victory in the fight against the epidemic.