Clenbuterol was added to pork before, but now it’s the turn of sheep.

The “clenbuterol” lamb in Qingxian County, Hebei Province was exposed during the 315 Gala of China Central Television on March 15, 2021.

The last time clenbuterol was reported was during the 315 Gala in 2011, when Shuanghui Group was exposed by China Central Television (CCTV), which brought the drug into the public spotlight.

Ten years later, the clenbuterol incident still exists.
In fact, clenbuterol is not a specific drug, but a general name for a group of drugs that reduce fat production and promote protein synthesis in animals. They are essentially a class of synthetic β-adrenal receptor agonists (known as β-stimulants).
One of the more common clenbuterol hydrochloride, salbutamol, ractopamine and so on.

In fact, after the first generation of clenbuterol, Eli Lilly developed the second generation of clenbuterol ractopamine, a less toxic, faster metabolizing alternative to clenbuterol, to help pigs, cattle and other pigs grow lean meat and reduce body fat.

It is mainly used in clinical treatment of bronchial asthma, congestive heart failure and muscular dystrophy.
Although the conventional dose of clenbuterol can be metabolized in the body and discharged from the body, excessive intake of ractopamine will cause different degrees of toxic reactions.

At present, the use of ractopamine in food has been banned in more than 160 countries in the world. The European Union, Russia, including China and other countries strictly prohibit all clenbuterol, including ractopamine, with a “one size fit-all” attitude.
In the United States, however, ractopamine is approved for use in livestock and poultry as clenbuterol and has been scientifically tested by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

It is worth mentioning that Eli Lilly, founded in 1876, is a global biomedical enterprise with a history of 145 years.
Lilly, along with Denmark’s Novo Nordisk and France’s Sanofi, is one of the world’s “three insulin giants.”
These three multinational pharmaceutical companies monopolized more than 80% of the global insulin market by taking advantage of technology first mover advantage in the early stage.

According to Lilly’s 2020 results, its annual revenue was $24.54 billion. For the first time in its annual report, Lilly disclosed its full-year sales revenue in China, which reached $1.117 billion.

As is known to all, hepatitis is inflammation in the liver, can be divided into various types, once you have hepatitis a, body health be affected, according to the specific type of hepatitis reasonable treatment measures, only symptomatic treatment, the liver damage reduce, the body can restore health, otherwise some severe hepatitis, could threaten the patient’s health.
So, which types of hepatitis more common need to pay attention to it?

1, hepatitis a,

There are many types of hepatitis, among which the more common is hepatitis A.
After appearing hepatitis A, liver disease is given priority to, during the disease, the patient can feel fatigue and fatigue, even liver enlargement, anorexia, abnormal liver function, the body was invaded by hepatitis A virus, through timely treatment to control disease development.
In addition, it is necessary to find out the source of infection and cut off the transmission route, otherwise the disease is contagious and may affect the health of others.

2, hepatitis b,

Want to maintain the body needs to pay attention to the prevention of diseases, the type of hepatitis is more, among them the more common is hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the invasion of the body by the hepatitis B virus. During the onset of the disease, the liver function declines after the body is infected, and the body will have many adverse symptoms. It can be found that the liver area of the sick person is prone to pain, and there will be indigestion, jaundice and other conditions.
As a life-threatening liver disease, proper treatment should be taken, otherwise hepatitis progresses and may increase the risk of cirrhosis or liver cancer.

3, c

If the body is infected with hepatitis C virus, the liver can also significantly decline in function.
As a kind of viral hepatitis, it is mainly transmitted through drug taking, blood transfusion, acupuncture and other ways. After being infected, the liver will die and even develop fibrosis. When cirrhosis develops, the life and health of patients will be threatened and the mortality rate will increase.
Therefore, to do a good job in the prevention of the disease, the discovery of hepatitis C virus invasion should be actively launched treatment, in order to improve the liver function after the damage to the body to reduce.

4. Alcoholic hepatitis

Some people’s hepatitis appears to be caused by long time drinking a lot of alcohol, this condition is called alcoholic hepatitis.
Alcoholic hepatitis differs from common viral hepatitis in that it is not caused by a viral infection, but by the behavior of drinking heavily over time.

Needed to maintain a healthy body, it is very important to stay away from alcohol, but there are some hard-drinking, don’t drink a day is comfortable, in a long period of time after drinking too much easy denaturation liver cells, necrosis, in the process of the body metabolizes alcohol also can produce adverse to the health of the material, and damage to the liver cells, and over time the possibility of liver lesions, there will be a alcoholic liver, fatty liver disease, severe alcoholic hepatitis will appear.
Visible, want to be far from alcoholic sex hepatitis, the key is to drink less.

The brain is an important part of us, disease, sleep, memory and the brain have a close relationship, if the brain problems, the body will go wrong, so we must ensure the health of the brain, the following Chinese medicine to introduce some brain and wisdom of Chinese medicine.

Increase blood flow to the brain

Insufficient blood supply to the brain can lead to dizziness, eye flowers, fatigue, soft legs and other discomfort, and in severe cases, it often leads to ischemic cerebral infarction. Salvia miltiorrhiza, astragalus and other injections have become routine drugs to rescue patients with this kind of emergency.
There are 11 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine that help increase blood flow to the brain. Salvia miltiorrhiza, for example, is known to promote blood circulation and can improve the function of cerebral ischemia.
In addition, Salvia miltiorrhiza can inhibit blood coagulation, reduce blood viscosity, blood lipids, delay the formation of atherosclerosis, prevent thrombosis, and improve microcirculation. Therefore, Salvia miltiorrhiza tablet and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection have been the preferred drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for many years.
Panax notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) is the main ingredient of Yunnan Baiyao and is a specialty product in China. The total saponins of Panax notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) can significantly improve cerebral ischemia and have a protective effect on nerve cells.
In addition, such as chuanxiong, pueraria root, safflower, ginkgo leaf, etc., are also widely used in clinical.
Some that have not been widely used but can increase the cerebral blood flow are Tribulus terrestris, Anthopyrum, Sapphyllum, Herb Holly, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and Anise.

Excitation and inhibition

There are 20 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine that excite each center of the brain, such as ephedra, angelica dahurica, xanthium, gentian, mugfangji, strychnine seed, Xiangjiapi and so on.
There are as many as 73 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine that can suppress brain excitement, which can improve the symptoms such as convulsions, epilepsy, convulsions, pain and insomnia caused by excessive brain excitement.
The study of gastrodia elata has the effect of analgesia, sedation and inhibition of epileptic-like brain discharge, and has a synergistic effect with pentobarbital.
Toxic scorpion, its poison can fight epilepsy, fight convulsion, to visceral pain, skin burn pain and trigeminal nerve induce cortical potential to have stronger inhibitory effect.
In addition, the commonly used clinical antelope horn, stone cassia, stone calamus, south star, qiang live, chaihu, scutellaria, buffalo horn, bezoar, bear bile, Magnolia officinalis, dang shen, xianmao, angelica and so on.

There are 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine with biphasic regulating effect, including coptis, musk, Gentiana macrophylla, cassia, acanthopanax, rhodiola, galanga, rhizoma cerebrum and mulberry yellow.
If Rhizoma coptidis contains berberine, small dose can excite cerebral cortex, large dose is inhibited.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and strength, which increases the risk of low back pain, disc degeneration, or vertebral fracture.
Osteoporosis is a common and frequent disease in the aging population.
Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and strength, which increases the risk of low back pain, disc degeneration, or vertebral fracture.
Therefore, early diagnosis of osteoporosis is very important to prevent disease progression.
Currently, conventional methods for evaluating osteoporosis include dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and quantitative ultrasound (QUS), as well as emerging imaging technologies such as dual-energy spectrum CT, 1H-MRS, and positron emission tomography (PET).
BMD measurement is a reliable and ideal method for early diagnosis of osteoporosis.
DXA is a commonly used tool for measuring bone density in the spine.
However, DXA was unable to eliminate the effect of cortical, hyperosteogenic, and sclerosis on BMD measurements, which may underestimate the actual loss of bone mass.
QCT is a recognized 3D method for bone mineral density assessment.
Several studies have shown that the detection rate of QCT for osteoporosis is significantly higher than that of DXA.
However, compared with DXA, QCT is difficult to be widely used in clinic due to its high radiation dose and complex post-processing.
Each year, patients with other indications, such as urinary or digestive disorders, undergo a CT scan of part or all of the spine.
These CT scans can be used for opportunistic screening for osteoporosis without additional radiation exposure and expense.
At present, deep learning has been increasingly used in medical image analysis.
Recently, published in the European journal of Radiology of a study to explore the deep learning application in patients with primary osteoporosis, and developed a convolutional neural network based on depth (deep convolutional neural network, the DCNN) automatic CT image segmentation and bone mineral density and vertebral bodies (ipads mineral density, BMD) calculation method, designed to automatically from accuracy assessment methods lumbar vertebral BMD and calculate the positioning performance.
In this study, 1449 patients who underwent CT scans of the spine or abdomen for other indications between March 2018 and May 2020 were retrospectively selected for validation and analysis.
All data were obtained from three different CT providers.
Of these, 586 were used for training and 863 for validation.
The full convolutional neural network U-NET was used to segment the vertebral body automatically.
The manually drawn vertebral body area was used as the base map for comparison.
Bone mineral density was calculated using Densenet-121 convolutional neural network.
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) post-processing values were used as the criteria for the analysis.
According to different CT providers, all test cases were divided into the following three test queues: test set 1 (n = 463), test set 2 (n = 200), and test set 3 (n = 200).
There was a good correlation between automatic segmentation and the four manually segmented lumbar spine (L1-L4) : the minimum average DICE coefficients of the three test sets were 0.823, 0.786, and 0.782, respectively.
For the test set from different suppliers, the mean BMD calculated by automatic regression showed a high correlation with the results obtained from QCT (R>
0.98) and consistency.
Fig. Visual comparison of automatic and manual segmentation results.
From top to bottom are the segmentation results of test set 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
CT sagittal images, manual segmentation and automatic segmentation are shown from left to right.
Red, green, yellow, and blue represent the vertebral bodies of L1, L2, L3, and L4, respectively
The correlation between manual and automatic segmentation was very good, with DSCs exceeding 0.90 for all four lumbar vertebrae.
This study shows that the DCNN-based method can accurately segment the lumbar vertebrae and automatically calculate the bone mineral density, making it an effective tool for clinicians to screen for opportunistic osteoporosis.